¤Ú¤O¡]Baal¡^


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¡uBa'al¡v¡A¦³®É¥ç§@¡uBel¡v©Î¡uBael¡v¡C¦b°{±Ú»y¤¤¡A¤Ú¤O¥Nªíªº·N«ä¬O¡u¥D¡v¡]the Lord¡Athe Owner¡^ ¡A·N¬°¾Ö¦³ªÌ©Î¨k¥D¤H¡C¬Û¹ïªº¡A¤Ú¤Oªº½Æ¼Æ§Î¬°¡uBaalim¡v ¡A¤k©Ê«h¬°¡uBaalath¡v¡CºtÅܨì«á¨Ó¡A¤Ú¤O´N¸ò¤W«Ò¤@¼Ë¡A©Ò¥Nªíªº´N¬O¡u¯«¡v¡C

¤Ú¤O¨Ã«D¬O¤@­Ó¯S¦³ªº¯«¦W¡AÀHµÛ®É¶¡¦aÂIªº¤£¦P¡A¥¦¥Nªíªº´N¬O¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è¯«¡C¦b¦è¤¸«e3000¦~¥ª¥k¡A¤Ú¤O¥Nªíªº¬OĬ¬ü¤Hªº­·¯«®¦§Qº¸¡]En'lil¡^¡C¤@¤d¦~«á¡A¤Ú¤O¤@µü³Q´¶¹M¨Ï¥Î¡A¦U¦a¦U«°¨¹³£ºÙ©I¥L­Ìªº¯«¬°¤Ú¤O¡C³\¦h¥H¤Ú¤O¬°¦r­ºªº¥Nªíªº³£¬O¯«¦W©Î¤ý¦W¡C¹³¬O¤Ú¤ñ­Û¥D¯«°¨º¸§ù§J¡]Marduk¡^´N³Q¤Ú¤ñ­Û¤H¤Î¨È­z¤HºÙ¬°¤Ú¤O¡Ðº¿º¸§ù§J¡]Bel-Marduk¡^¡C

¨ì¤F¦è¤¸«e1000¦~¥ª¥k¡A¤@¯«±Ð§Î¦¡ªº©v±Ð«H¥õº¥º¥¯B²{¡A¦¹®É¼vÅT§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¤Æ³Ì¥D­nªº¤Ú¤O¦³¤U¦C´X¦ì¡G


¤Ú¤O®L°Ò¡]Baal Shemem©ÎBaal Shamen¡^¡G

µÌ¥§°ò¦a¤èªº¥D¯«¡A·N¬°¤ÑªÅ¤§¯«¡C¤Ú¤O®L°ÒªºÆ[©À«á¨Ó¶i¤J§Æ§B¨Ó¯«¸Ü¡A¬O­C©MµØ­ì«¬¤§¤@¡C


¤Ú¤O«¢¹F¡]Baal Hadad¡^¡G

­{«n¦a¤èªº¥D¯«¡A¥D¥q¤g¦a¤ÎÂ×ÄÇ¡C¦³¨Ç¾ÇªÌ·¥¤O¥D±i¤Ú¤O©M«¢¹F¬O«ü¨â­Ó¤£¦Pªº¯«¡A¤£¹L¤@¯ëªº¬Ýªk³£»{¬°Â¬ù¸t¸g¤¤¯S§O«üºÙªº¤Ú¤O¯«´N¬O¤Ú¤O«¢¹F¡C¤Ú¤O«¢¹Fªº¬G¶m¦b¥j±Ô§Q¨È­º³£¦w´£ªü¡]Antioch¡^ «n¤èªºªö­·¤s¡]Mt. Tsefon¡^¡C¥L¦³¤@­Ó©f©f¡A¥ç¬°¥Lªº©d¤l¡A¦W¦r¥s¦w©`¡]Anat,Anath¡^¡C¥Lªº¤÷¿Ë¤j¯«¥ì ¡]El¡A¬°°{±Ú¹ï¥D¯«ªººÙ¸¹¡^¦³¤T­Ó¨à¤l¡A¤Ú¤O¡BÀF¡]Yamm¡A·N¬°®ü¡^¤ÎÀq¡]Mot¡A·N¬°¦º¤`¡^ ¡A©¼¦¹¤¬¬°Ävª§¹ï¤â¡C¦b²{¤µ³Qµo²{ªº¥j±Ô§Q¨È¥Û¸O¤W¥ç¦³»¡¤Ú¤Oªº¤÷¬°¹F­è¡]Dagon¡AµÌ¥§°ò¦a¤è¤@­Ó¥b¤H¥b³½ªº¤j¯«¡^ ¡C¤Ú¤O©MÀq¨C¤C¦~ª§°«¤@¦¸¡A­Y¬O¤Ú¤OÀò³Ó¡A«h¤j¦aÀò±o¤C¦~ªºÂ×ÄÇ¡F¤Ï¤§¡A«h¬°¤C¦~ªº¨a¯î¡C¦b¤Ú¤O«¢¹Fªº¯«¸Ü¬G¨Æ¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¤£¤Ö¤Ú¤ñ­Û¤å¤Æªº¼v¤l¡C´N¹³°¨º¸§ù§J¤@¼Ë¡C¤Ú¤O¦b©f©f¦w©`ªº¨ó§U¤U¡A¥´±Ñ¤F´ý¨Pªº¥Nªí¡uÀF¡v¡A¨ú±o´xºÞ¤Ñ®ð©M¹A·~ªº¤O¶q¡C

¦bÀ»±Ñ¤FÀF¤§«á¡A¤Ú¤Oªº¦a¦ìÀò±o´£¤É¡C¥L·Q«Ø¥ß¦Û¤vªº¼q°ó¡A¦ý¬O¨ü¨ì¤j¯«¥ìªº¤Ï¹ï¡C¥Lªº©d¤l­Ý¤p©f¦w©`©ó¬O«Â¯Ù¥ì¡A¥ì¥X©óµL©`¥u±o¦P·N¡A¨Ã¬£¤õ¯«®wÂġХˡЫ¢®u´µ¡]Kothar-wa-Hasis¡^ ºÊ·þ¤uµ{¡C¼q°ó´N«Ø¦b¨ä¤÷¹F­èªº®ÇÃä¡C¤Ú¤O¦b¥Lªº¼q°ó¤º«Ø¤Fµ¡¤á¡A³oµ¹¤F¥L¤@¦V»´µøªº¤p§Ì¦º¯«Àq¤@­Ó¤j¦n¾÷·|¡AÀq±q¥Lªºµ¡¤á¤¤¶i¤J¤Ú¤Oªº¼q°ó¡A±N¤Ú¤O©M¥LªºÀH±q¤@¤@§]¶i¨{ùتº¦a©³¥@¬É¡C¦]¬°¤Ú¤OµLªk¦A­°«B¡A¤gÄ[Åܱo³h½C¡C¼««ãªº¦w©`©ó¬O»PÀq¶}¾Ô¡A±NÍ¢±Ù¬°¤d¤ù¡AºØ©ó¤g¤¤¡A¤Ú¤O¦]¦¹Àò±o­«¥Í¡A¨Ã±a¦^¤FÂ×ÄÇ¡C

¤Ú¤O«¢¹F¦b¶Ç»¡¤¤ªº§Î¶H¬°¥k¤â«ù¥¨Âñ¡A¥ª¤âµoµÛ¹p²y¡AÀY¤WÀ¹µÛ¦³¨â¤ä¨¤ªº¶êÀ@§Î«a°Ã¡A¸}¤U«h­¼µÛ¹p¡C«¢¹Fªº¦r·N­ì¦³¡u¹p¡vªº·N«ä¡C¦b¤§«áªº§Æþ¯«¸Ü¤¤¡A¤Ú¤OÂà¤Æ¬°¤Ú°Ç´µ¡]Belos¡^ ¡A¥Nªíªº§Y¥D¯«©z´µ¡]Zeus¡^¡C


¤Ú¤O¤ñ§Q¤g¡]Baal Berith¡^¡G

¥Ü¼C¡]Shechem¡^ ¦a¤èªº¯«¬é¡A·N¿×¡u¸t¬ù¤§¯«¡v¡]Lord of the Covenant¡^¡C¤h®v°O²Ä¤K³¹²Ä¤T¤Q¤T¸`¡G¡u°ò¨l¦º«á¡B¥H¦â¦C¤H¤S¥hÀH±q½Ñ¤Ú¤O¦æ¨¸²]¡B¥H¤Ú¤O¤ñ§Q¤g¬°¥L­Ìªº¯«¡C¡v¦b©~¦í¦b¥Ü¼Cªº®É´Á¡A¤Ú¤O¤ñ§Q¤g¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¥D­nªº¯«©ú¡C1960¦~ªì´¿«õ¥X¥Ü¼C¦a¤è¤Ú¤O¤ñ§Q¤g¯«¼qªº¿ò¸ñ¡Aªù«eªº¸t¬W¤W¦³µÛ¶§¨ã¥~§Îªº²Å¸¹¡A¤Î¥NªíµÛ¤k©Ê©Ê¾¹ªº¹Ï¼Ë¡A¤@¯ë»{¬°³o¨Ç¬OÂ×ÄǪº¶H¼x¡C


©Ò¿×¡u¸U¯ë¬Ò¤U«~¡A±©¦³¤W«Ò°ª¡v¡A¤Ú¤O¦b§Æ§B¨Ó¯«¸Ü¤¤³Q·í§@¬O¦¸¯Å¯«ÆF©Î¨¸Å]¡C¸t¸g¤¤¹ï¦a¤è¯«§¡¥H¤Ú¤OºÙ©I¡F¯«¯µ±Ð¬£ªº¸g¨å¡u¬X«¢¡v«h±N¤Ú¤O¡]Bael¡^µø¬°¤Ñ¨Ï©Ô´´º¸¡F¦b¡u©Òùªù¤ýªºÅ]ªk¤§Æ_¡v¤@®Ñ¤¤¡A¤Ú¤O«h¬°ªF¤èªº´cÅ]¤§¤ý¡AÍ¢ªº§ÎºAÅܤƤ£©w¡A¦³®É¬O¿ß¡A¦³®É«h¬OÃÊßï¡A¦³®É«h¬°¤H§Î¡A¦³®É«h¦P®É²{¥X¤TºØ­±»ª¡]¨ã¦³¤T­ÓÀY¡^¡CÍ¢Án­µ¨F°×¡A¨Ã¨ã¦³Åý¤HÁô§Îªº¤O¶q¡C

¤Ú¤O³o­Ó¦r·J¦b¸t¸g¤¤¥X²{¤F¶W¹L¤@¦Ê¦¸¡A¨ä¤¤¦³³\¦h¤H¦W¡B¦a¦W¬O¤Ú¤O©Î¥]§t¦³¤Ú¤O¦r¼Ëªº¡F¦b«á´Á¦p¡u¦óªü¦è®Ñ¡vªº¸t¸g¤¤¡A¤Ú¤O³o­Ó¦r±`³Q²Û®¢¡]boshet¡^©Ò¨ú¥N¡A¦p¾ú¥N§Ó¤W²Ä¤K³¹²Ä¤K¸`¤¤ªº¦Ì¤O¤Ú¤O¡]Meribbaal¡^ ¡A¨ì¤F¼»¥À¦Õ°O¤U²Ä¥|³¹²Ä¥|¸`¤¤¡A¥Lªº¦W¦r´NÅܦ¨¤F¦Ì«Dªi³]¡]Mephibosheth¡^¡C

ªþ±a¤@´£¡A¬°¤F°t¦X¥u¬Ý¹L¤¤¤å¸t¸gªºÅªªÌ¡A¤Ú¤Oªº¤¤¤åĶ¦W¨ú¦Û©ó¸t¸g©M¦X¥»¡A¨ä¸û¥¿½TªºÅª­µÀ³±µªñ¦p¡u¨©¨à¡v¡C


°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡G

[1] ¸t¸g¬ù¡B·s¬ù
[2] Encyclopadia Britannica
[3] The Universe Jewish Encyclopedia
[4] The Encyclopedia of Religion
[5] Asimov's Guide to the Bible by Isaac Asimov
[6] Goetic: The Lesser Key of Solomon the King, translated by Samuel Liddell, Macgregor Mathers
[7] A Dictionary of Angels by Gustav Davidson


±ÀÂ˹ϮѡG

[1] Dictionary of Dieties and Demons in the Bible by van der Toorn becking van der Horst (eds)
[2] Stories of Ancient Canaan edited & translated by michael D. Coogan
[3] Thespis: Ritual, Myth, and Drama in the Ancient Near East by Theodor H. Gaster

[1]¹ï¦UºØ¥j¯«³£¦³«Ü¸Ô²Óªº´y­z¡A¨Ã¤Þ¥Î¤F³\¦h¥j¤åÄm¡C¯ÊÂI¬°¼g§@¤è¦¡¹L©ó¾Ç³N¤Æ¡A­n¬ÝÀ´­nªá«Ü¤@µf¥\¤Ò¡C¥xÆWªº¤¤¥¡¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥i¥H§ä¨ì¡C[2]¡B[3]³£¬O±´°Q¤Ú¤O«¢¹Fªº¯«¸Ü¡C


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